Countries
Comparative country profiles published under the Media Influence Matrix
Project launched in 2017
The Media Influence Matrix has conducted country-level analyses across multiple regions since 2017, covering government and regulatory influence, funding structures, ownership provenance, and the role of technology and platforms in shaping national information environments.
This index brings together all country profiles, updated using the new 2025 framework, based on the three pillars of the MIM: Regulation and Policy Influence, Provenance and Funding, and Technology, Platforms and the Information Environment.
Africa & Middle East
Israel
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Israel’s media and information landscape is shaped by a combination of strong public broadcasting traditions, a competitive commercial sector, deep political polarization, and rapid digital transformation. The country maintains a diverse press and broadcast environment, yet structural vulnerabilities persist: concentrated ownership, financial instability in legacy media, politicization of regulatory institutions,…
Jordan
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Jordan’s media environment reflects a distinctive blend of political centralization, strategic communication priorities, and cautious liberalization. While journalism operates in a comparatively stable regional context, the state maintains strong influence over the regulatory framework, the public broadcaster, and many elements of the information ecosystem. Independent outlets do exist, especially online,…
Yemen
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Yemen’s media ecosystem is one of the most fragmented, unstable, and politically contested environments in the world. Years of civil war, territorial fragmentation, foreign intervention, economic collapse, and the rise of armed non-state actors have reshaped the country’s information landscape beyond recognition. Control over media outlets, journalists, and communication infrastructures…
Asia-Pacific
India
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile India’s media and information ecosystem is among the largest and most diverse in the world, shaped by rapid technological transformation, complex regulatory structures, powerful political and corporate actors, and a highly fragmented linguistic landscape. The sector combines vibrant independent journalism with intense political polarization, widespread commercial consolidation, and increasing reliance…
Indonesia
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Indonesia’s media and information landscape is shaped by its size, diversity, political decentralization, and rapidly evolving digital ecosystem. Over the past two decades, Indonesia has transitioned from a tightly controlled media environment to one of the most dynamic yet contested information spheres in Southeast Asia. The country’s media system combines…
Pakistan
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Pakistan’s media landscape is one of the most dynamic yet politically constrained in South Asia. The country hosts a large commercial broadcast industry, a vibrant print tradition, and an expanding digital news ecosystem. Yet this diversity coexists with deep structural pressures: shifting political control, regulatory opacity, powerful security institutions, precarious…
Caucasus & Central Asia
Georgia
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Georgia’s media and information ecosystem is marked by high political polarization, sustained pressure on independent journalism, uneven economic development across regions, and growing dependence on digital platforms for news distribution. While Georgia has formally aligned part of its media and telecommunications legislation with European standards, the practical implementation of these…
Kazakhstan
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Kazakhstan’s media and information environment is shaped by a hybrid political system that combines formal commitments to modernization with tight control over public communication. While the country has undertaken legal and administrative reforms, the state, along with actors aligned with political and economic elites, continues to exert significant influence over…
Kyrgyzstan
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Kyrgyzstan’s media and information environment has historically been considered one of the more pluralistic in Central Asia, shaped by relatively open political competition, an active civil society, and a diverse mix of broadcast, print, and digital outlets. Yet structural vulnerabilities have intensified in recent years. Political instability, regulatory uncertainty, growing…
Central & Eastern Europe
Bulgaria
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Bulgaria’s media ecosystem has undergone continual erosion over the past decade, shaped by structural political influence, opaque ownership, concentrated broadcast markets, and chronic underfunding of independent journalism. While Bulgaria formally operates under European Union legal standards, the practical functioning of its media system has long diverged from EU norms. The Media…
Czechia
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Czechia’s media landscape is one of the most diverse and commercially developed in Central Europe, yet it is marked by structural pressures that have intensified over the last decade. The country transitioned from a relatively open, pluralistic media environment to one shaped by increasing concentration of ownership in the hands…
Hungary
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Hungary’s media and information ecosystem has undergone dramatic structural transformation over the past 15 years. Strong centralization of regulatory oversight, concentrated media ownership, and increasing control over public service media, combined with financial dependence and platform-driven distribution, have severely compromised media plurality and editorial independence. Recent data from the Global…
Romania
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Romania’s information ecosystem is shaped by political influence, ownership concentration, volatile funding models, and growing platform dominance. This country profile synthesizes findings from the legacy Media Influence Matrix (MIM) country studies (2017–2024) and integrates financial and ownership data from the Global Media Finances Map (GMFM). It follows the classic MIM…
Russia
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Russia’s media and information ecosystem has undergone one of the most far-reaching transformations in the world, defined by the consolidation of state control, the dismantling of independent journalism, and the systematic restructuring of the regulatory environment to eliminate pluralism. Over the past two decades—and especially since 2022—the Kremlin has built…
Slovakia
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Slovakia’s media and information ecosystem is undergoing significant transformation. Once characterized by relative regulatory stability and a pluralistic commercial sector, the environment has shifted rapidly toward an architecture of institutional pressure, political capture, and reduced safeguards for editorial independence. The 2025 Media Capture Monitoring Report: Slovakia documents profound concerns about the erosion of…
Ukraine
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Ukraine’s media and information ecosystem has undergone profound transformation over the past decade. A system once defined by intense oligarchic competition in national television and an uneven print and digital landscape has been reshaped by the country’s struggle against Russian aggression, the acceleration of regulatory reform, and shifting audience behavior….
Western Europe
Belgium
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Belgium’s information ecosystem is complex, multilingual, and regionally segmented between the Flemish, French-speaking, and (to a smaller extent) German-speaking communities. Media regulation, funding arrangements, and market structures differ across these regions, producing a highly diversified landscape with varying degrees of concentration, political influence, and financial stability. This profile synthesizes existing…
Italy
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Italy’s media environment is one of the most historically rich and politically complex in Europe. It combines a strong public service broadcasting tradition, vibrant commercial media, deep regional diversity, and a highly active digital public sphere. Yet the sector is also marked by longstanding structural issues: concentrated ownership, politicized public…
Spain
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Spain remains one of Europe’s most complex and pluralistic media markets, nationally, regionally and locally, but in recent years structural transformations have sharpened long-standing tensions around media concentration, political influence, public broadcasting governance, and platform dominance. The MCMR 2025–Spain registers a worrisome resurgence of media-capture mechanisms even under European regulatory pressure, making…
United Kingdom
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile The United Kingdom’s media and information system is shaped by a long tradition of public service broadcasting, a powerful commercial press, strong regulatory institutions, and deep integration into global digital platforms. While the UK benefits from comparatively robust regulatory structures, the sector is facing systemic pressures: declining revenues for news…
Latin America
Argentina
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Argentina’s media and information ecosystem is shaped by a long tradition of political contestation, recurrent economic crises, shifting regulatory frameworks, and strong historical identities within the press and broadcast sectors. The landscape is marked by powerful private media groups, politicized public communication channels, structural ownership concentration, and longstanding tensions between…
Colombia
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Colombia’s media and information ecosystem has evolved within the context of long-standing political conflicts, regional disparities, and rapid digital transformation. The landscape is characterized by a mix of powerful private broadcast groups, a fragmented print sector, growing digital-born outlets, and high dependence on technology platforms for distribution. Structural challenges persist,…
Mexico
Media Influence Matrix Country Profile Mexico’s media and information ecosystem is shaped by a long history of political patronage, structural concentration in the broadcast sector, regional disparities in media development, and significant reliance on digital platforms. The country maintains a diverse and vibrant press and a growing community of digital-born media outlets, but challenges persist:…